生活型

tree

形態特徵

• Deciduous trees to 17 m high; trunks nearly straight, 0.6 m across; bark corky, 2–3 cm thick; young branchlets somewhat glabrous.
• Leaves alternate, oblong to broadly lanceolate, 12.8–17.5 cm long, 4–5 cm broad, acuminate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, echinate-serrate, glabrous above, grayish-white, tomentose beneath, midrib elevated below, lateral veins 15–20 pairs; petioles 1.8–2.9 cm long.
• Staminate catkins pendulous, 3–6 cm long; staminate flowers 3–4 mm long, 3–4 mm broad; perianth 5–6-lobed, glabrous on both sides, but hairy along margins; stamens 4–6 (2–6), filaments 1.3–2 mm long, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary or few clustered; ovary incompletely 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, styles 3, stigmas 3, enlarged, flattened.
• Cupules cup-shaped, 1.2–1.4 cm long, 2.8–3 cm across, scales needle-like, free, spreading, somewhat revolute;nuts ellipsoid or rarely globose, ca. 1/2 enclosed by the cupule, 1.8–2.1 cm long, 1.3–1.6 cm across, glabrous.

物候

Staminate flowers blooming from January to March; fruits maturing from November to December.

分布

• 台灣 : Taiwan, often found in pure stands or mixed with other broad-leaved trees at altitudes of 600–1,800 m throughout the island.
• 世界 : Widely distributed in mainland China (from south to north), Korea and southern Japan.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Taipei Botanic Garden, Liao 11210. TAOYUAN: Tonnofusiroan, Sasaki s. n. Oct. 1918. MIAOLI: Cholan, Liu & Kao s. n. Jun. 1957. NANTOU: Tongpu, Suzuki 13211; Hoshe, Liao 10100. TAICHUNG: Tungshih, Mori s. n.; Oct. 1936; Kukuan, Liao & Kuo 2129. PINGTUNG: Hengchun, Liao & Kuo 1638, Liao 10191.

參考文獻

• LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 122. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)